New Rijksmuseum Amsterdam: Highlights (Book presentation)

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New Rijksmuseum Amsterdam: Highlights

The New Rijksmuseum Amsterdam: Highlights

A lavishly illustrated ebook (84 pages) on the New Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, describing the highlights from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. It contains the most important highlights of all centuries displayed at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam that re-opened after a major renovation. If you visit Amsterdam and have limited time, do visit this museum; it is a true treasure trove!

Late Rembrandt, the important Rembrandt exhibition also takes place at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam unti the 17th of May 2015. It is recommended to read this guide beforehand so that you will be able to go through the galleries after your visit.

A perfect guide to preparing yourself to your visit and which makes sure that you’ll recognize and fully enjoy the masterworks when visiting the New Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

Written in an engaging style, the book describes masterpieces of the Dutch Golden Age such as The Night Watch and the Jewish Bride by Rembrandt, The Milkmaid and The Woman Reading a Letter by Johannes Vermeer, and the famous pictures by Jan Steen and Frans Hals, amongst many others. The Jewish Bride and The Wardens of the Amsterdam Drapers Guild are two of the Late Rembrandt paintings that are on permanent display at the Rijksmuseum. So, should you miss the show (closes mid-May 2015), don’t worry, the permanent exhibition as well as this guide contains quite a few of them!

But the book is not only about the Dutch 17th century. It also describes the highlights of the 18th, 19th and 20th century, the masterpieces of the applied arts like earthenware, furniture and silver, and the exquisite collection of Asian art, displayed in the specially-built Asian pavilion.

***** Download HERE  from Amazon *****

 

 

If you read this book before you visit the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, you will be able to fully appreciate and understand the works on display. An excellent introduction by an expert in the field.

Highly recommended before visiting the New Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam! The book is also available in French as Rijksmuseum Amsterdam : Les chefs-d’oeuvre – de Rembrandt, Vermeer, Frans Hals à Van Gogh.

Imigracao nos EUA: uma obsessao historica - livro de Alvaro Vargas Llosa

Breaking Through the Partisanship of Broken Borders
Dispelling the Myths on Immigration

The flood of children crossing the U.S.-Mexico border has rekindled an already heated immigration debate, but will it prompt politicians to make major changes to the nation's immigration laws? Or will they play it safe as midterm elections approach, and hope that immigration issues somehow resolve themselves? And what exactly should immigration policy look like in a free society?

In a defining approach to the hotly debated issue of immigration reform, the award-winning book Global Crossings, by Independent Institute Senior Fellow Alvaro Vargas Llosa, examines the immigrant experience and explores who migrants are, why they move, and who benefits. And as this powerful story unfolds, Vargas Llosa offers reforms that stand as a powerful and humane solution to the flawed plans being offered by politicians.

Global Crossings:Immigration, Civilization, and America
By Alvaro Vargas Llosa

A native of Peru who has lived and worked on three continents, renowned author Vargas Llosa has written an insightful analysis of the cultural, economic, and political ramifications of immigration—one the most enduring phenomena of the human story.

Part historical treatise and part politico-economic analysis—and sprinkled with fascinating anecdotes from his personal experience around the world—Global Crossings is a far-reaching book that will captivate anyone curious about the drama inherent in the age-old quest to make a better life by moving abroad and about the government policies that often thwart that effort.
PROSE Honorable Mention Award for Best Book (Association of American Publishers)
2014 Bronze Medal IPPY Award Winner
2014 Benjamin Franklin Silver Award (Independent Book Publishers Association)

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Praise for Global Crossings:

"Alvaro Vargas Llosa's timing is as superb as his book, which lands smack in the middle of a feverish Washington debate over America's most recent arrivals . . . What recommends Global Crossings is that it offers a thoughtful critique of the restrictionists from the standpoint of a fellow conservative."
—The Wall Street Journal

"This compelling book is a must read for anyone on the vital yet contentious issue of immigration. Global Crossings puts a personal face on the issue, superbly arguing that restrictions on the basis of accident of birthplace have no economic or social justification, and in the hands of government are a dangerous infringement on individual liberty and human well-being."
—Daniel L. McFadden, Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences; E. Morris Cox Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley

"Using facts, history, logic and his own personal experiences, Alvaro Vargas Llosa vividly demonstrates why immigration is almost always economically, culturally and morally beneficial. Global Crossings is an essential and highly readable, even riveting, tour de force."
—Richard K. Vedder, Distinguished Professor of Economics, Ohio University

Alvaro Vargas Llosa is Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute. He has been a nationally syndicated columnist for the Washington Post Writers Group and among his Independent Institute books, Liberty for Latin America received the Sir Anthony Fisher International Memorial Award and Lessons from the Poor: Triumph of the Entrepreneurial Spirit was awarded the Templeton Freedom Award. Former op-ed page editor at the Miami Herald, he has written for the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, BBC World Service, Time, and other media, and he has been named Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

Bretton Woods Forgotten Foundations, a book by Eric Helleiner (Cornell UP)

Preciso comprar, mas ainda está um pouco caro para os meus padrões: vou provavelmente ler de alguma biblioteca universitária e esperar que o preço baixe no Abebooks.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida

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Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods International Development and the Making of the Postwar Order Eric Helleiner Cornell University Press Hardcover - $39.95 Description   Contents   Reviews   Detailed info Eric Helleiner's new book provides a powerful corrective to conventional accounts of the negotiations at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944. These negotiations resulted in the creation of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank—the key international financial institutions of the postwar global economic order. Critics of Bretton Woods have argued that its architects devoted little attention to international development issues or the concerns of poorer countries. On the basis of extensive historical research and access to new archival sources, Helleiner challenges these assumptions, providing a major reinterpretation that will interest all those concerned with the politics and history of the global economy, North-South relations, and international development. The Bretton Woods architects—who included many officials and analysts from poorer regions of the world—discussed innovative proposals that anticipated more contemporary debates about how to reconcile the existing liberal global economic order with the development aspirations of emerging powers such as India, China, and Brazil. Alongside the much-studied Anglo-American relationship was an overlooked but pioneering North-South dialogue. Helleiner’s unconventional history brings to light not only these forgotten foundations of the Bretton Woods system but also their subsequent neglect after World War II. Preface  List of Abbreviations  International Development and the North-South Dialogue of Bretton Woods  1. Good Neighbors Prepare the Ground  2. The First Draft: The Inter-American Bank  3. A New Approach to Money Doctoring: Cuba  4. Building Foundations: US Postwar Planning  5. Strengthening the Foundations: Paraguay  6. Latin American Backing for Bretton Woods  7. Development Aspirations in East Asia  8. Lukewarm and Inconsistent Britain  9. Enthusiasm from Eastern Europe and India  The Aftermath and the Forgetting    Experts "Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods is a beautifully written, elegantly argued, and deeply researched book that shows how development issues played a central role in the formulation of a new approach to international financial and economic coordination at the 1944 United Nations Conference at Bretton Woods. Eric Helleiner demonstrates that what are now large emerging market countries played a substantial part in making the postwar economic order, but that role was then forgotten ...more "Eric Helleiner's informed rereading of Bretton Woods is very relevant to current debates about global development after the recent financial crisis. Indeed, this revisionist history constitutes something of an introduction to development economics, retracing their roots in the global South as well as North, along with pre-communist Eastern Europe. It contrasts the distinctive regional orientations of major governments—including the United States and the UK—as they anticipated very divergent ...more "Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods is a magnificent book. It reveals a fascinating moment of postwar vision about the importance of cooperation for the global economy and development. The postwar ideas—wrongly swept aside at the time—are timely and relevant for today. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in a genuinely global economy."—Ngaire Woods, Dean of the Blavatnik School of Government and Professor of Global Economic Governance, University of Oxford, author of The Globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank, and Their Borrowers TitleForgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods SubtitleInternational Development and the Making of the Postwar Order EditionFirst Edition AuthorEric Helleiner ImprintCornell University Press BISAC Subject HeadingBUS023000 BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic History POL023000 POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy HIS037070 HISTORY / Modern / 20th Century BIC Subject HeadingHBLW 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 Audience01 General / trade Title First Published01 May 2014 FormatHardcover ISBN-100801452759 ISBN-13978-0-8014-5275-8 GTIN13 (EAN13)9780801452758 Publication Date27 May 2014 PublicationIthaca, United States Absolute page count320 Dimensions6.1 x 9.3 in. Weight21 oz. List Price$39.95 OnixVersion 2.1 , Version 3

Capital in the 21st. century: a controversial book by Thomas Piketty

Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Thomas Piketty

Translated by Arthur Goldhammer

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96 graphs, 18 tables

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• BUSINESS & ECONOMICS: Economic History
• BUSINESS & ECONOMICS: Economics: Comparative
• BUSINESS & ECONOMICS: Development: Economic Development
• BUSINESS & ECONOMICS: Economics: Theory
• POLITICAL SCIENCE: Public Policy: Economic Policy

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What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings will transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality.

Piketty shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality—the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth—today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, Piketty says, and may do so again.

A work of extraordinary ambition, originality, and rigor, Capital in the Twenty-First Century reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.

RELATED LINKS

• At Chicago Magazine, read about Thomas Piketty’s theories of inequality and new work on the cognitive rationalization process that happens among the well-off
• On the eve of the 2014 World Economic Forum meetings in Davos, read in the Wall Street Journal about Piketty’s theories on inequality
• Read The Economist’s take on Capital in the Twenty-First Century
• In the New York Times, read about Piketty’s finding (with Emmanuel Saez) that the top 10 percent of earners in 2012 took home the highest percentage of total American income ever recorded
• In the Guardian, read Piketty and Saez’s argument for substantially raising top marginal tax rates
• Plot graphs of income inequality over the past century via the World Top Incomes Database, an ongoing endeavor by Piketty, Saez, Facundo Alvaredo, and Tony Atkinson

Niall Ferguson: The Ascendance of the West (selection from his book Civilization)

Civilization
Niall Ferguson
From Delanceyplace, December 12, 2013

In today's selection -- from Civilization by Niall Ferguson. The year 2013 is a vantage point from which we can clearly see the ascendance of China and much of the rest of Asia. This stands as a reminder that five centuries ago, China was the world's most advanced country, and Western Europe was a backwater. In fact, while in 1500 the future imperial powers of Europe accounted for 10 percent of the world's land, 16 percent of its population, and 43 percent of its GDP, by 1913 -- with their colonial acquisitions and the ascendance of America -- these eleven countries* accounted for 58 percent of the world's land, 57 percent of its population, and a staggering 79 percent of world GDP:

"If, in the year 1411, you had been able to circumnavigate the globe, you would probably have been most impressed by the quality of life in Oriental civilizations. The Forbidden City was under construction in Ming Beijing, while work had begun on reopening and improving the Grand Canal; in the Near East, the Ottomans were closing in on Constantinople, which they would finally capture in 1453. The Byzantine Empire was breathing its last. The death of the warlord Timur (Tamerlane) in I405 had removed the recurrent threat of murderous invading hordes from Central Asia -- the antithesis of civilization. For the Yongle Emperor in China and the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, the future was bright.

The Beijing Palace City Scroll, depicting the Forbidden City, 15th century.

"By contrast, Western Europe in 1411 would have struck you as a miserable backwater, recuperating from the ravages of the Black Death -- which had reduced population by as much as half as it swept eastwards between 1347 and 1351 -- and still plagued by bad sanitation and seemingly incessant war. In England the leper king Henry IV was on the throne, having successfully overthrown and murdered the ill-starred Richard II. France was in the grip of internecine warfare between the followers of the Duke of Burgundy and those of the assassinated Duke of Orleans. The Anglo-French Hundred Years' War was just about to resume. The other quarrelsome kingdoms of Western Europe -- Aragon, Castile, Navarre, Portugal and Scotland -- would have seemed little better. A Muslim still ruled in Granada. The Scottish King, James I, was a prisoner in England, having been captured by English pirates. The most prosperous parts of Europe were in fact the North Italian city-states: Florence, Genoa, Pisa, Siena and Venice. As for fifteenth-century North America, it was an anarchic wilderness compared with the realms of the Aztecs, Mayas and Incas in Central and South America, with their towering temples and skyscraping roads. By the end of your world tour, the notion that the West might come to dominate the Rest for most of the next half-millennium would have come to seem wildly fanciful.

"And yet it happened.

"For some reason, beginning in the late fifteenth century, the little states of Western Europe, with their bastardized linguistic borrowings from Latin (and a little Greek), their religion derived from the teachings of a Jew from Nazareth and their intellectual debts to Oriental mathematics, astronomy and technology, produced a civilization capable not only of conquering the great Oriental empires and subjugating Africa, the Americas and Australasia, but also of converting peoples all over the world to the Western way of life -- a conversion achieved ultimately more by the word than by the sword. ...

"No previous civilization had ever achieved such dominance as the West achieved over the Rest. In 1500 the future imperial powers of Europe accounted for about 10 per cent of the world's land surface and at most 16 per cent of its population. By 1913, eleven Western empires* controlled nearly three-fifths of all territory and population and more than three-quarters (a staggering 79 per cent) of global economic output. Average life expectancy in England was nearly twice what it was in India. Higher living standards in the West were also reflected in a better diet, even for agricultural laborers, and taller stature, even for ordinary soldiers and convicts. Civilization, as we have seen, is about cities. By this measure, too, the West had come out on top. In 1500, as far as we can work out, the biggest city in the world was Beijing, with a population of between 600,000 and 700,000. Of the ten largest cities in the world by that time only one -- Paris -- was European, and its population numbered fewer than 200,000. London had perhaps 50,000 inhabitants. Urbanization rates were also higher in North Africa and South America than in Europe. Yet by 1900 there had been an astonishing reversal. Only one of the world's ten largest cities at that time was Asian and that was Tokyo. With a population of around 6.5 million, London was the global megalopolis. Nor did Western dominance end with the decline and fall of the European empires. The rise of the United States saw the gap between West and East widen still further. By 1990 the average American was seventy-three times richer than the average Chinese."

*The eleven were Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Of these only France, Portugal and Spain existed in 1500 in anything resembling their early twentieth-century form.

Author: Niall Ferguson    

Title: Civilization

Publisher: Penguin

Date: Copyright 2011 by Niall Ferguson

Pages: 3-5

Civilization: The West and the Rest

by Niall Ferguson by Penguin Books

If you wish to read further: Buy Now

Policy Analysis in Brazil - a book by Jeni Vaitsman, José Mendes Ribeiro and Lenaura Lobato (editors)

Um livro com o qual tive a possibilidade de colaborar, respondendo questões e revisando o capítulo sobre think tanks.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida

Policy analysis in Brazil

Jeni Vaitsman, José Mendes Ribeiro and Lenaura Lobato (editors)

London: Policy Press, 2013

Presentation:

Policy analysis in Brazil is part of the International Library of Policy Analysis and is the first book

to paint a comprehensive panorama of policy analysis activities in Brazil. Highlighting the unique

features of the Brazilian example, it brings together 18 studies by leading Brazilian social

scientists on policy analysis as a widespread activity pursued in a variety of policy fields and

through different methods by governmental and non-governmental institutions and actors. It

shows how policy analysis emerged as part of Brazilian state-building from the 1930s onwards.

With the democratisation process of the late 1980s, policy analysis began to include innovative

elements of social participation in public management. This unique book offers key insights into

the practice of this field and is indispensable reading for scholars, policy makers and students of

the social sciences interested in learning how policy analysis developed and functions in Brazil.

Contents

1.Policy analysis in Brazil: the state of the art - Jeni Vaitsman, José

Mendes Ribeiro and Lenaura Lobato (editors)

PART I: STYLES AND METHODS OF POLICY ANALYSIS IN BRAZIL

2. Professionalisation of policy analysis in Brazil

Jeni Vaitsman, Lenaura Lobato and Gabriela R. B. Andrade

3.Policy Analysis Styles in Brazil

Christina Andrews 

4.Modernization of the state and bureaucratic capacity-building in the Brazilian Federal Government

Celina Souza

PART II: POLICY ANALYSIS BY GOVERNMENTS AND THE LEGISLATIVE

5.Policy analysis and governance innovations in the federal government

José Mendes Ribeiro and Aline Inglez Dias

6.Policy monitoring and evaluation systems: recent advances in Brazil’s federal public administration

Romulo Paes-Sousa and Aline Hellman

7. Privatization and policy decision making in Brazil

Licinio Velasco and Armando Castelar Pinheiro

8. Production of policy-related information and knowledge in Brazil: the state government agencies

Cristina de Almeida Filgueiras and Carlos Alberto Rocha

9. Policy analysis at the municipal level of government

Marta Farah

10. The role of the Brazilian legislature in the public policy decision making process

Fabiano Guilherme M. Santos

PART III: PARTIES, COUNCILS, INTEREST GROUPS AND ADVOCACY-BASED POLICY ANALYSIS

11. Brazil’s National Social Assistance Policy Council (CNAS) and the policy community supporting social assistance as a right

Soraya Vargas Cortes 

12. Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic: integrating prevention and treatment

Elize Massard da Fonseca and Francisco I. Bastos

13. Media and policy analysis in Brazil: the process of policy production, reception and analysis through the media 

Fernando Lattman-Weltman

14. Parties and public policy: programmatic formulation and political processing of constitutional amendments

Paulo Fábio Dantas Neto

15. Business associations and public policy analysis

Renato Raul Boschi

16.Policy analysis in non-governmental organisations and the implementation of pro-diversity policies

João Bosco Hora Góis

PART IV: ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES-BASED POLICY ANALYSIS.

17. Expert community and sectoral policy: the Brazilian Sanitary Reform

Nilson do Rosário Costa

18. Brazilian think-tanks: between the past and the future

Tatiana Teixeira

19. Policy analysis by academic institutions in Rio de Janeiro state

Cristiane Batista

20. Postgraduate instruction and policy analysis training in Brazil

Eliane Hollanda and Sandra Siqueira

Livro: Matthias Herdegen: Principles of International Economic Law (OUP, 2013)

Um livro indispensável, para oa estudiosos das relações econômicas internacionais.

Paulo Roberto de Almeida 

Principles of International Economic Law

Herdegen, Matthias

Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2013. 

Principles of International Economic Law gives a comprehensive overview of the central topics in international economic law, with an emphasis on the interplay between the different economic and political interests on both the international and domestic levels. The book sets the classic topics of international economic law, WTO law, investment protection, commercial law, and monetary law in context with human rights, environmental protection, good governance, and the needs of developing countries. It thus provides a concise picture of the current architecture of international economic law. Topics covered range from codes of conduct for multinational enterprises, to the human rights implications of the exploitation of natural resources. The book demonstrates the economic foundations and economic implications of legal frameworks. It puts into profile the often complex relationship between, on the one hand, international standards on liberalization and economic rationality and, on the other, state sovereignty and national preferences.It describes the new forms of economic cooperation which have developed in recent decades, such as the growing number of transnational companies in the private sector, and forms of cooperation between states such as the G8 or G20. Providing a perfect introductory text to the field of international economic law, the book thoroughly analyses legal developments within their wider political, economic, or social context.

Table of Contents

 PART I. CONTENTS, HISTORY, AND STRUCTURE

OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW

I. The Law of International Economic Relations: Contents and Structure 3

1. Understanding and Contents of International Economic Law 3

2. The Interaction .between International and Domestic Law 5

3. The Interaction of Different National Laws 7

4. Main Areas of International Economic Law 7

5. The Relationship between International Economic Law and

Economic Rationality 11

 II. Past and Present of the International Economic Order 13

1. The Historical Foundations of International Economic Law 13

2. The Concerns of Developing Countries and the Call for a 'New

Economic Order' 16

3. The System of the World Trade Organization 18

4. The Regional Integration of Markets 19

5. Globalization of Economic Relations: Chances,. Risks, and

Asymmetries " 19

 III. The Actors of International Economic Law 25

1. Subjects of International Law vs Actors in International

Economic Relations 25

2. States x 26

3. State Enterprises 26

4. International Organizations 28

5. Non-institutionalized Forums of Cooperation in Economic

Relations 33

6. International Inter-Agency Cooperation 35

7. Non-governmental Organizations 37

8. Private Corporations and Codes of Conduct for Transnational

Corporations 38

 IV. The Legal Sources of International Economic Law 42

1. International Law as an Order of Transboundary Economic Relations 42

2. The Law of the European Union 46

3. International Agreements on Private Economic Transactions 47

4. 'Transnational Law' and 'lex mercatorid 48

 PART II. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW AS

AN ORDER OF RULES AND PRINCIPLES

V. Basic Principles of the International Economic Order 53

1. States' Autonomy in Economic Choices 53

2. Trade Liberalization: Reduction of Tariffs and Elimination

of Non-Tariff Barriers 54

3. Fair Treatment of Foreign Investors 54

4. Non-discrimination 55

5. Favourable Conditions for Developing Countries 57

6. Sustainable Development 62

7. Respect for Human Rights 63

 VI. Sovereignty and International Economic Relations 65

1. A Modern Concept of Sovereignty: Response to Globalization

and Deference to Democratic Choices 65

2. The Principle of Non-intervention 68

3. State Immunity 69

4. The Treatment of Foreign Persons 72

5. Diplomatic Protection 74

6. National Economic Law and its Extraterritorial Application 77

7. Criteria for Exercising Jurisdiction: Legitimating Links 86

8. The Extraterritorial Application of National Law 88

 VII. Human Rights and International Economic Relations 101

1. The Exploitation of Natural Resources 102

2. Treaties on Economic Cooperation and Economic Integration 107

3. The Impact and Liability of Transnational Corporations (TNC) 108

 VIII. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 118

1. Transboundary Impacts and Transboundary Harm 119

2. Sustainable Development , 121

3. The Precautionary Principle 122

4. Treaties on Pollution Control and on the Liability for

Environmental Contaminations 124

5. Treaties on the Protection of the Atmosphere and for

Climate Protection 126

 6. Treaties on Biodiversity, Access to Genetic Resources, and Biosafety 129

7. The Law of Biotechnology 136

 IX. Good Governance—The Internal Structure of States and Global

Economic Integration 139

1. Standards of Good Governance 140

2. Global Economic Integration: The Relevance of the

Constitutional and Economic Order 144

 X. Dispute Settlement 147

1. Mechanisms of International Dispute Settlement 147

2. International Commercial Arbitration 151

3. Jurisdiction of National Courts 156

4. Obtaining Evidence Abroad ' - —-• 164

5. Service of Process, Recognition, and Enforcement of Foreign

Judgments '• 166

 PART III. WORLD TRADE LAW AND

REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS

XI. History and Development of World Trade Law 171

1. Development up to the Uruguay Round 171

2. The Uruguay Round 173

3. Post-Uruguay Perspectives and Challenges for the WTO System 175

 XII. The World Trade Organization 178

1. The WTO as Institutional Platform for Trade Relations 178

2. Members 178

3. Organs of the WTO 180

 XIII. The Multilateral and the Plurilateral Agreements on Trade 184

1. Multilateral and Plurilateral Trade Agreements:

Concentric Circles 184

2. The GATT 1994 and Related Trade Agreements 185

 XIV. The GATT 188

1. Objectives and< Basic Principles 188

2. Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 189

3. National Treatment 195

4. General Exceptions (Article XX of the GATT) and Security

Exceptions (Article XXI of the GATT) 203

5. Safeguard Measures (Article XIX of the GATT) 212

6. Waivers 213

7. Burden of Proof 213

 XV. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and

Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) 215

XVI. The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 223

XVII. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) 225

1. Scope and Relevance 225

2. Telecommunication Services 228

3. WTO Law and Financial Services 230

 XVIII. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual

Property Rights (TRIPS) ~  232

1. General Aspects 232

2. Patent Rights ' 233

3. The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Broader

International Context 241

 XIX.s  Subsidies and Anti-dumping Measures 245

1. Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) 245

2. The Agreement on Agriculture 252

3. Dumping and Anti-Dumping Measures 254

 XX. Dispute Settlement in the WTO 256.

XXI. WTO Law in Broader Perspective: The Interplay with

Other Regimes of International Law 264

XXII. WTO Law in Domestic Law 269

XXIII. The Regional Integration of Markets ' 274

1. Forms of Regional Market Integration (Free Trade Areas,

Customs Unions, and Economic Communities) 274

2. The Free Movement of Goods and Services in the European

Union 277

3. EFTA and the European Economic Area 281

4. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 284

5. Regional Integration in South America 286

6. Regional Integration in Central America and the Caribbean 290

7. Regional Integration in Asia and the Pacific 291

8. Regional Integration in Africa 292

9. Bilateral Trade Agreements of die European Union and

of the United States 293

 PART IV. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW

XXIV. International Sales and Contract Law 299

1. Introduction 299

2. The Rome Convention, the Rome I Regulation, and

the Common European Law on Sales 302

3. UN Convention on Contracts for the International

Sale of Goods (CISG) 304

4. Electronic Commerce 316

 XXV. Letters of Credit v  318

1. Documentary Credit 318

2. Standby Letters of Credit 321

 XXVI. International Building and Construction Contracts 323

1. FIDIC Manuals - 323

2. Long-term Contracts (BOT,  BOO, BOOT, BLOT, BOTT) 324

 XXVII. International Company, Competition, and Tax Law 326

1. Relevance 326

2. The Proper Law of a Corporation 326

3. Recognition of Foreign Corporations and Deference to

'Home' Regulation 328

4. EU Company Law: the Societas Europaea 330

 5. Corporate Governance 332

XXVIII. International Accounting Standards 334

XXDC International Competition Law % 336

 1. National and International Rules against Anti-Competitive

Behaviour 336

2. The Application of Competition Law and Extraterritorial Effects 338

3. Bilateral Cooperation 340

4. Convergences and Divergences between EU Competition

Law and US Antitrust Law , 342

XXX. International Tax Law 346

PARTV. THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF

FOREIGN INVESTMENT

XXXI. Foreign Investment in Practice 353

1.  Economic and Political Relevance 353

2. Direct and Indirect Investment 354

3. Investors 355

4. The Control of Foreign Investment 357

 XXXII. Customary International Law 359

1. Customary Standards and Foreign Investment 359

2. Expropriation and Compensation 360

3. The Extraterritorial Effects of Expropriations 368

 XXXIII. Concessions and Investment: Agreements between States

and Foreign Companies 375

1. Stabilization and Internationalization 375

2. Concessions 378

 XXXIV. Treaties on Investment Protection 380

1. Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements on the Protection

of Investments 380

2. Personal Scope of Protection 384

3. Protected 'Investments' 388

4. Modern Standards of Investment Protection 391

5. Dispute Setde'ment 411

 XXXV. The International Centre for Settlement of Investment

Disputes 416

XXXVI. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 420

XXXVII. The Interplay of Investment Protection and Other Areas

of International Law 422

 PART VI. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY

LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL

FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE

XXXVIII. International Monetary Law and International Economic

Relations 427

1. The Impact of Monetary Relations on International

Trade and Business 427

2. The Bretton Woods System and the Development

of Currency Exchange Arrangements 428

3. Currency Exchange Regimes 430

4. Monetary Unions 431

5. 'Eurodollars' and other Eurocurrencies 435

 XXXK. The International Monetary Fund: Objectives, Organization,

and Functions 437

1. Objectives 437

2. Membership 438

 3. Organization 439

4. Financing of the IMF 439

5. IMF Members' General Obligations and the Surveillance

of Exchange Rate Policies: Stability and Fair Competitive

Conditions 440

6. Convertibility of Currencies and Restriction of Exchange

Controls 444

7. Exchange Control Regulations and their Extraterritorial

Effect 446

8. Special Drawing Rights 449

9. Use of the Fund's Financial Resources_for Members in

Economic Difficulties 450

XL. The World Bank and Other International Financial

Institutions 455

 1. The World Bank Group 455

2. Regional Development Banks 460

3. The Bank for International Settlements 461

XLI. Debt Crises and State Insolvency 463

 1. The International Management of Debt Crises 463

2. For Restructuring Sovereign Debt: The 'Paris Club'

and the'London Club' 465

3. State Insolvency and International Law 465

 XLII. International Regulation of the Banking Sector 477

1. The Need for Enhanced Cooperation of Supervisory

Authorities and for Harmonized Standards 477

2. Supervisory Authorities and Macro-Prudential Oversight

of the Financial System 478

3. Global Regulatory Standards for Adequate Bank Capital

and Risk Management: the Basel Accords 480

Index 483